New Romanization of Korean

This article was considered for deletion at Wikipedia on May 14 2015. This is a backup of Wikipedia:New_Romanization_of_Korean. All of its AfDs can be found at Wikipedia:Special:PrefixIndex/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/New_Romanization_of_Korean, the first at Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/New_Romanization_of_Korean.

---

Business name used in store. '피부 소매' written in New Romanization of Korean, 'PIBU SOMÄ'. (Note: Usage of umlaut to write 'ㅐ' Ä.

Wikipedia editors had multiple issues with this page:

DPv2 loves original research.

The New Romanization of the Korean Language (정형표기법, 正形表記法; lit. Orthomorphemic transliteration), although largely phonemic, includes many instances of spellings that are historic and morphemic rather than phonemic. The pronunciation of almost every word can be derived from its orthography. Unlike the McCune-Reischauer Romanization and the Revised Romanization systems, which focus more towards describing the phonology over the morphology of Korean, the New Romanization, like the Yale Romanization of Korean, Shibu Shohei System of Romanization, New Korean Orthography and Hangul, is a morphological orthography.

Overview

A few orthographical principles are present in the New Romanization, and are as follows:

• Monographic transliteration. One Hangul jamo to letter; digraphs are avoided, with the exception of 'dr', all other digraphs reflect digraphs in Hangul.
• More morphemic than phonemic. Sound changes are implicit rather than explicit in its orthography, avoiding confusion from homophones.
• Non-anglocentric. Letters are used more closely to that of the German or Turkish alphabets than that of the English or French alphabets. Features such as the usage of the umlaut for palatization and the 'j' for iotification closely resemble their usage in German orthography. The lack of digraphs used to represent truly unique vowel sounds, such as the English 'aw' or the French 'ou' or 'eu', separates the New Romanization of Korean from those orthographies.

In the Yale Romanization of Korean, the digraph used to represent 'wu (ㅜ)', as well as 'ay (ㅐ), ey (ㅔ), oy (ㅚ), wi (ㅟ), uy (ㅢ)', is inconsistent with its internal rules, where 'wi (ㅟ)' breaks from the other four palatized vowels. The New Romanization of Korean corrects these inconsistencies in the Yale Romanization of Korean.

Pronunciation

The New Romanization relies heavily on the standard pronunciation of Korean, which for some speakers of the younger generations of South Korea primarily from Seoul who speak with a Seoul dialect might find some parts of this transliteration system, is not intuitive. Where in the Seoul dialect, ㅐ, ㅔ, ㅚ, ㅟ and ㅢ, are pronounced 'e', 'e', 'we', 'wi' and 'ɯi' or e', respectively, in the pronunciation of Korean, ㅐ, ㅔ, ㅚ, ㅟ and ㅢ, are pronounced 'ɛ', 'e', 'ø', 'y' and 'ɨ', respectively. The Revised Romanization is based primarily on the pronunciation used in the Seoul dialect, and not on the pronunciation of Korean. Significant differences between the quasi-standard Seoul dialect in South Korea from the standard Korean dialect used in South Korea, North Korea, and the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in China, render the New Romanization of Korean the closest of all the standard romanizations of Korean to the current orthography of Hangul in both South and North Korea.

Transliteration Guide

This is a transliteration guide for the New Romanization system.

Vowels

Hangul	ㅏ	ㅐ	ㅑ	ㅒ	ㅓ	ㅔ	ㅕ	ㅖ	ㅗ	ㅘ	ㅙ	ㅚ	ㅛ	ㅜ	ㅝ	ㅞ	ㅟ	ㅠ	ㅡ	ㅢ	ㅣ
Romanization	a	ä (ai)	ja	jä (jai)	e	ë (ei)	je	jë (jei)	o	wa	wä (wai)	ö (oi)	jo	u	we	wë (wei)	ü (ui)	ju	y	ÿ (yi)	i

Notes:

• ( ) - Alternative form to be strictly used when umlaut ( ¨ ) is unavailable.

Consonants

Hangul		ㄱ	ㄲ	ㅋ	1ㄱ/ㄲ	aㅇ/ㆁ	ㄴ	ㄷ	ㄸ	ㅌ	ㄹ	2ᄙ	3ㅿ	4ㄹ/ㅇ	ㅁ	ㅂ	ㅃ	5ㅸ	ㅍ	ㅅ	ㅆ	ㅈ	ㅉ	ㅊ	bㅇ	6ㆆ	ㅎ
Romanization	Initial	g	gh	k	q	-	n	d	dh	t	r	-	dr	l	m	b	bh	-	p	s	sh	c	ch	ç	-	-	h
	Final	g	gg	k	-	ŋ	n	d	-	t	r	rr	dr	-	m	b	-	v	p	s	ss	c	-	ç	-	x	h

Notes:

• ¹ Only used for particles, e.g. -고, -ㄹ까, -는가, -ㅂ니까, -기, etc., but not for -구나, -겠다, -것이다, etc.
• ² The letter 'ᄙ' is written as 'ㄹㄹ' in Hangul for Modern Korean found in verbs such as, 흐르다 ('hyrry.da', to flow), 빠르다 ('bharry.da', to be fast), etc.
• ³ The letter 'ㅿ' is written as 'ㄷ' or 'ㄹ' in Hangul for Modern Korean reflecting the change found in verbs such as, 걷다 ('gedr.da', to walk), 묻다(問) ('mudr.da', to ask), etc.
• ⁴ This 'ㄹ' is written as 'ㄹ' or 'ㅇ' in Hangul for Modern Korean reflecting the r-drop 1. found in verbs such as, 갈다 ('gal.da', to sow), 놀다 ('nol.da', to play), 2. found in words such as, 여행 ('ljehäŋ', travel), 역사 ('ljegsa', history), etc., and 3. found in names such as, 이명박 ('Li Mjeŋbag', Lee Myungbak), 이승만 ('Li Syŋman', Rhee Syngman), 임경업 ('Lim Gjeŋeb', Im Gyeong-eop) et al.
• ⁵ The letter 'ㅸ' is written as 'ㅜ/ㅗ' or 'ㅂ' in Hangul for Modern Korean found in verbs, i.e. 굽다 ('guv.da', to cook), 춥다 ('çuv.da', to be cold), 쉽다 ('süv.da', to be easy), etc.
• ⁶ The letter 'ㆆ' is written as 'ㅇ' or 'ㅅ' in Hangul for Modern Korean found in verbs, i.e. 낫다 ('nax.da', to heal), 짓다 ('cix.da', to build), etc.
• ^a This 'ㅇ' is originally the obsolete 'ㆁ'.
• ^b This 'ㅇ' is not 'ㆁ'.

Particles^ab

Hangul	는/은	가/이	를/을	에	서	에서	에게/께	까지	부터	로/으로	로써/으로써	고	기	면/으면	며	도	다	ㄹ까	ㄴ가/는가	ㅂ니다/습니다
Romanization	.n	.ga/.i	.r	.ë	.se	.ë.se	c.ë.gë	.ggaci/.ghaci	.bute	.ro	.ro.sse	.qo	.qi	.mjen	.mje	.do	.da	.r.qa	.n.qa	b.ni.da/sb.ni.da

Hangul	시/으시	요	니/으니	나/으나	d라	세/으세	e라고/이라고	와/과	랑/이랑
Romanization	.si	.jo	.ni	.na	.ra	.së	.rago	.wa/.gwa	.raŋ

Notes:

• ^a For slots with two values, first value is if the particle follows a final vowel, and the second value is if the particle follows a final consonant.
• ^b Period '.' is required before particle to distinguish from word.
• ^c Not .ë.që
• ^d E.g. -니라 (.ni.ra), -느니라 (ny.ni.ra), etc.
• ^e E.g. 무엇이라고 합니까? (Mues.rago ha.b.ni.qa.)

Transcription Guide

This is a transcription guide for the New Romanization system.

Vowels

Hangul	ㅏ	ㅐ	ㅑ	ㅒ	ㅓ	ㅔ	ㅕ	ㅖ	ㅗ	ㅘ	ㅙ	ㅚ	ㅛ	ㅜ	ㅝ	ㅞ	ㅟ	ㅠ	ㅡ	ㅢ	ㅣ
Romanization	a	ä (ai)	ja	jä (jai)	e	ë (ei)	je	jë (jei)	o	wa	wä (wai)	ö (oi)	jo	u	we	wë (wei)	ü (ui)	ju	y	ÿ (yi)	i

Notes:

• ( ) - Alternative form to be strictly used when umlaut ( ¨ ) is unavailable.

Consonants

Hangul		ㄱ	ㄲ	ㅋ	aㅇ/ㆁ	ㄴ	ㄷ	ㄸ	ㅌ	ㄹ	ㅁ	ㅂ	ㅃ	ㅍ	ㅅ	ㅆ	ㅈ	ㅉ	ㅊ	ㅇ	ㅎ
Romanization	Initial	g	gh	k	-	n	d	dh	t	r	m	b	bh	p	s	sh	c	ch	ç	-	h
	Final	g	gg	k	ŋ	n	d	-	t	r	m	b	-	p	s	ss	c	-	ç	-	h

Notes:

• ^a This 'ㅇ' is originally the obsolete 'ㆁ'.
• ^b This 'ㅇ' is not 'ㆁ'.

Usage

Verbs

English	Hangul (Hanja)	IPA	New Romanization (Transliteration)	New Romanization (Transcription)
“to phone”	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	Gel.da Gel.e Gel.ni	Gerda Gere Geni
“to walk”	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	Gedr.da Gedr.e Gedr.ni	Gedda Gere Geryni
“to fold; to gather”	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	Ged.da Ged.e Ged.ni	Gedda Gede Gedyni
“to be easy” (adjectival verb)	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	Süv.da Süv.e Süv.ni	Sübda Süwe Süuni
"to use"	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	Shy.da Shy.e Shy.ni	Shyda She Shyni
"to go"	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	Ga.da Ga.a Ga.ni	Gada Ga Gani
"to do"	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	Ha.da Ha.je (Ha.i) Ha.ni	Hada Haje (Hai) Hani
"to become"	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	Dö.da Dö.e Dö.ni	Döda Döe Döni
"to have"	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	Iss.da Iss.e Iss.ni	Issda Isse Issyni
"to be"	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	I.da I.e I.ni	Ida Ie Ini

Nouns

English	Hangul (Hanja)	IPA	New Romanization (Transliteration)	New Romanization (Transcription)
“wall”	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	Bjeg	Bjeg
“character, letter”	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	Gyrxca	Gyrca
“to the kitchen/in the kitchen”	Template:Lang	Template:IPA	Buek.ë	Buekë

Example

The following text is the preamble to the constitution of the Republic of Korea. The first section is written in Hangul; the second section is a transcription using New Romanization without particle punctuation and standardized letters, e.g. ‘l’, ‘v’, etc.; the third section is the standard New Romanization of Korean, a transliteration with all letters and particle punctuation.

Hangul

Template:Lang

Template:Lang

Template:Lang

Transcription

Cenmun

Juguhan Jegsawa Centoŋë Biçnanyn Uri Dähan Gugminyn 3·1 Undoŋyro Genribdön Dähanmingug Imsi Ceŋbuÿ Bebtoŋgwa Burÿë Haŋgehan 4·19 Mincu Injemyr Gjësyŋhago, Cogugÿ Mincu Gähjeggwa Pjeŋhwaceg Toŋirÿ Samjeŋë Ibgaghaje Ceŋÿ·indowa Doŋpoäroshe Mincogÿ Dangjeryr Goŋgohi Hago, Modyn Sahöceg Pjësybgwa Burÿryr Tapahamje, Cajurgwa Cohwaryr Bataŋyro Caju Mincuceg Gibon Cirseryr Deug Hwaggohi Haje Ceŋçi·Gjeŋcë·Sahö·Munhwaÿ Modyn Jeŋjegë Issese Gaginÿ Gihöryr Gjundyŋhi Hago, Nyŋrjegyr Çögodoro Barhühagë Hamje, Cajuwa Gwenrië Dharynyn Çägimgwa Ÿmuryr Wansuhagë Haje, Anyronyn Gugmin Säŋhwarÿ Gjundyŋhan Hjaŋsaŋyr Gihago Baggyronyn Haŋgucegin Sëgjë Pjeŋhwawa Inrju Goŋjeŋë Ibacihamyroshe Uridyrgwa Uridyrÿ Casonÿ Ancengwa Cajuwa Häŋbogyr Jeŋwenhi Hwagbohar Gesyr Dacimhamjense 1948njen 7wer 12irë Cëceŋdögo 8çaë Gerçje Gäceŋdön Henbebyr Icë Gughöÿ Ÿgjeryr Geçje Gugmin Tupjoë Ÿhaje Gäceŋhanda.

1987njen 10wer 29ir

Transliteration

Cenmun

Jugu.ha.n Ljegsa.wa Centoŋ.ë Biçna.n Uri Dähan Gugmin.n 3·1 Undoŋ.ro Genrib.dö.n Dähanmingug Imsi Ceŋbu.ÿ Bebtoŋ.gwa Burÿ.ë Haŋge.ha.n 4·19 Mincu Injem.r Gjësyŋ.ha.qo, Cogug.ÿ Mincu Gähjeg.gwa Pjeŋhwaceg Toŋir.ÿ Samjeŋ.ë Libgag.ha.je Ceŋÿ·indo.wa Doŋpoä.ro.sse Mincog.ÿ Dangjer.r Goŋgo.hi Ha.qo, Modyn Sahöceg Pjësyb.gwa Burÿ.r Tapa.ha.mje, Caljur.gwa Cohwa.r Bataŋ.ro Caju Mincuceg Gibon Cirse.r Deug Gwaggo.hi Ha.je Ceŋçi·Gjeŋcë·Sahö·Munhwa.ÿ Modyn Ljeŋjeg.ë Iss.e.se Gagin.ÿ Gihö.r Gjundyŋ.hi Ha.qo, Nyŋrjeg.r Çögodo.ro Barhü.ha.gë Ha.mje, Caju.wa Gwenri.ë Dhary.n Çägim.gwa Ÿmu.r Wansu.ha.gë Ha.je, An.ro.n Gugmin Säŋhwar.ÿ Gjundyŋ.ha.n Hjaŋsaŋ.r Gi.ha.qo Bagg.ro.n Haŋguceg.i.n Sëgjë Pjeŋhwa.wa Inrju Goŋjeŋ.ë Ibaci.ha.m.ro.sse Uri.dyr.gwa Uri.dyr.ÿ Cason.ÿ Ancen.gwa Caju.wa Häŋbog.r Jeŋwen.hi Hwagbo.ha.r Ges.r Dacim.ha.mjen.se 1948njen 7wer 12ir.ë Cëceŋ.dö.qo 8ça.ë Gerçi.e Gäceŋ.dö.n Henbeb.r Icë Gughö.ÿ Ÿgjer.r Geçi.e Gugmin Tupjo.ë Ÿ.ha.je Gäceŋ.ha.n.da.

1987njen 10wer 29ir

See also

• Hangul
• New Korean Orthography
• Cyrillization of Korean
• McCune-Reischauer
• Yale Romanization of Korean
• Revised Romanization
• List of Korea-related topics

External links

• An online tool for New Romanization of Korean
• A Guide to the New Romanization of Korean
• The Constitution of the Republic of Korea in New Romanization
• Morphological Awareness, Phonological Awareness, and Literacy Development in Korean and English: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study
• Writing and Literacy in Chinese, Korean and Japanese
• Gangmun Romanization