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{{Current|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}{{Infobox civil conflict
|title=2019 Citizenship (Amendment) Bill protests
|casualties4=
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|casualties1=2<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/anti-citizenship-bill-protests-people-defy-curfew-in-guwahati-army-conducts-flag-march/article30283600.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/dec/12/indian-police-fire-teargas-at-citizenship-bill-protesters |title=
Two shot dead in Indian protests over citizenship bill |last=Rahman |first=Shaikh Azizur}}</ref>
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|injuries=20+
|arrests=1000+<ref>{{cite new |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/anti-citizenship-amendment-bill-assam-protest-1627464-2019-12-11 |title=1,000 detained as anti-Citizenship Amendment Bill protests intensify in Assam |date=2019-11-12 |last=Nath |first=Hemanta Kumar }}</ref>km
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|goals=* Repeal of the [[The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019]]|partof=
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|date=December 2019 - ongoing
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|side1= Protestors

Citizens of Northeast India

All Assam Students’ Union (AASU)
|side2=* [[Government of India]]
** [[Indian Army]]<ref>https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/curfew-imposed-in-guwahati-to-be-in-place-till-7-am-on-thursday-police/articleshow/72476861.cms</ref><ref name="The Hindu"/>
** [[Assam Police]]
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The '''Citizenship (Amendment) Bill protests of 2019''', also known as the '''CAB protests''' are a series of ongoing protests in [[India]], particularly in [[Assam]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/citizenship-bill-protests-here-why-assam-is-burning-1627538-2019-12-12|title=Citizenship Amendment Bill protests: Here's why Assam is burning|last=DelhiDecember 12|first=Kaushik Deka New|last2=December 12|first2=2019UPDATED:|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-12-12|last3=Ist|first3=2019 04:01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/et-explains/citizenship-bill-why-is-assam-protesting/articleshow/72483294.cms|title=Citizenship Amendment Bill 2019: Why is Assam protesting?|last=Singh|first=Bikash|date=2019-12-12|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50739593|title='Anti-Muslim’ citizenship law challenged in India court|date=2019-12-12|access-date=2019-12-12|language=en-GB}}</ref> and in the states of [[Manipur]] and [[Tripura]] in India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/protests-and-strikes-hit-assam-manipur-tripura-against-cab/story-dPRUypEh1zaUzVOY86O7oK.html|title=Protests and strikes hit Assam, Manipur, Tripura against CAB|date=2019-12-09|access-date=2019-12-12|language=en-GB}}</ref>  The protests are against [[The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019]], which was cleared by the union cabinet on 4 December 2019, and later passed by both houses of the Parliament.

The protests have resulted in hundreds of arrests and four deaths. On Saturday, 14 December, violent protests occurred in West Bengal, the protestors attacked railway stations and public buses. Five trains were set on fire by the protestors in Lalgola and Krishnapur railway stations in [[Murshidabad district]] and railway tracks were damaged in Suti.<ref name="Hindu 14Dec" />

== Background ==
{{Further|Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019}}
The '''Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019''' (CAB) is a bill amending the [[Indian nationality law|Citizenship Act of 1955]] to give a path to Indian citizenship to illegal migrants who are [[Hindus]], [[Sikhs]], [[Buddhist|Buddhists]], [[Jain|Jains]], [[Parsis]] and [[Christians]] from [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[Pakistan]], who entered India on or before 31 December 2014. It also seeks to relax the requirement of residence in India for citizenship by [[Naturalization|naturalisation]] from 11 years to 5 years for these migrants.

The Bill directly challenges the clause 5 of 1985 Assam Accord. 

The Bill was criticized by liberal organizations across the country, with the [[Indian National Congress]] being at the forefront.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}

==Protests ==
{{Expand section|date=December 2019}}
The bill was initially supported by the northeast people for which they supported Bhartiya Janta Party(BJP) in 2019 elections by giving 9 out of 14 seats from Northeast India, because it was going to expel the illegal immigrants from the states of northeast India who came after 25 March 1971 according to Assam Accord (1985).

After the bill was cleared on 4 December 2019, violent protests erupted in Assam, especially in [[Guwahati]], and other areas in the state.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/anti-cab-protests-in-assam-police-opens-fire-on-protestors/articleshow/72487251.cms|title=Anti-CAB stir: People defy curfew, police open fire as Assam|date=2019-12-12|access-date=2019-12-13|language=en-GB}}</ref> In [[Dispur]], several thousands of protesters broke down police barricades to protest in front of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] building.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/india-northeast-protesters-rally-citizenship-bill-191210111006001.html|title=In India's northeast, protesters rally against citizenship bill|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/12/09/world/asia/09reuters-india-citizenship.html|title=Protests Erupt as India Pushes for Religion-Based Citizenship Bill|last=Reuters|date=2019-12-09|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-12-12|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Demonstrations were held in [[Agartala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agartala/anti-cab-protests-turn-violent-in-tripura/articleshow/72472009.cms|title=Anti-CAB protests turn violent in Tripura {{!}} Agartala News - Times of India|last=Dec 11|first=Biswendu Bhattacharjee {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated:|last2=2019|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-12|last3=Ist|first3=14:52}}</ref> 

Reactionary protests were held in well as several metropolitan cities across India, including [[Delhi]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/citizenship-amendment-bil-protests-assam-tripura-delhi-rajya-sabha-test-1627203-2019-12-11|title=Shutdown in Northeast, furore across nation as Citizenship Amendment Bill set for Rajya Sabha test today|last=DelhiDecember 11|first=Hemanta Kumar Nath Ashutosh Mishra New|last2=December 11|first2=2019UPDATED:|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-12-12|last3=Ist|first3=2019 00:24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/protests-against-cab-spill-on-to-city-streets/article30271483.ece|title=Protests against CAB spill on to Delhi streets|last=Ravi|first=Sidharth|date=2019-12-11|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-12|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>, [[Mumbai]]<ref name=":1" />, [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/091219/bengaluru-citizens-protest-against-citizenship-amendment-bill.html|title=Bengaluru: Citizens protest against Citizenship Amendment Bill|date=2019-12-09|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref> [[Hyderabad]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/111219/cab-triggers-protests-in-hyderabad.html|title=CAB triggers protests in Hyderabad|last=Moin|first=Ather|date=2019-12-11|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref> and [[Jaipur]].<ref name=":0" />

As a reaction, protests were also held at universities across the country, including [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay|IIT Bombay]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/students-of-iit-bombay-protest-passage-of-cab-6162608/|title=Students of IIT-Bombay protest passage of CAB|date=2019-12-12|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref>, [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency University]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/presidency-university-students-protest-against-citizenship-bill/articleshow/72494015.cms|title=Presidency University students protest against citizenship bill {{!}} Kolkata News - Times of India|last=Dec 12|first=PTI {{!}}|last2=2019|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-13|last3=Ist|first3=19:12}}</ref>, [[Jamia Millia Islamia|Jamia Milia Islamia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/citizenship-bill-protest-jamia-millia-islamia-students-police-clash-6165506/|title=Delhi: 50 Jamia students detained after clash with cops during Citizenship Bill protests|date=2019-12-13|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/delhi-jamia-millia-islamia-students-clash-with-police-after-march-opposing-cab-stopped/articleshow/72526897.cms|title=Citizenship Amendment Act protests in Delhi: 50 Jamia Millia Islamia students detained after clash with cops {{!}} Delhi News - Times of India|last=Dec 13|first=Mohammad Ibrar {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated:|last2=2019|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-13|last3=Ist|first3=19:46}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/50-jamia-students-detained-after-clash-with-cops-during-protest-against-citizenship-bill/article30298456.ece|title=50 Jamia students detained after clash with cops during CAB protest|date=2019-12-13|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-13|others=PTI|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>, [[Osmania University]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/city-feels-cab-protest-heat-cops-in-full-gear-stand-guard/articleshow/72553455.cms|title=Hyderabad feels CAB protest heat, cops in full gear stand guard {{!}} Hyderabad News - Times of India|last=Dec 14|first=TNN {{!}}|last2=2019|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14|last3=Ist|first3=7:04}}</ref>, [[University of Delhi]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/delhi-university-students-hold-protest-burn-copies-of-citizenship-bill-119121201213_1.html|title=Citizenship bill: DU students hold protest, call legislation 'communal'|last=India|first=Press Trust of|date=2019-12-12|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-12-13}}</ref>, and [[Aligarh Muslim University]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fir-against-amu-students-for-protesting-against-citizenship-amendment-bill/article30274834.ece|title=FIR against Aligarh Muslim University students for protesting against Citizenship (Amendment) Bill|date=2019-12-11|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-12|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On Saturday, 14 December, violent protests occurred in West Bengal, the protestors attacked railway stations and public buses. Five trains were set on fire by the protestors in Lalgola and Krishnapur railway stations in [[Murshidabad district]] and railway tracks were damaged in Suti.<ref name="Hindu 14Dec">{{cite news |title=Anti-Citizenship Act protests turn violent in West Bengal, Assam situation eases |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/protests-against-citizenship-law-continue-in-bengal-road-and-rail-blockade-at-several-places/article30304513.ece |accessdate=14 December 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=14 December 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Impact ==
Flights and trains were suspended as a result of the protest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/121219/citizenship-bill-protests-affect-assam-flights-suspended-train-servi.html|title=Citizenship Bill protests affect Assam; flights suspended, train services hit|date=2019-12-12|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref> The government imposed an [[Internet outage|internet shutdown]] in the states of Assam and Tripura.<ref name="The Hindu">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/anti-citizenship-bill-protests-army-deployed-in-assam-tripura-internet-suspended/article30277108.ece|title=Anti-Citizenship Bill protests: Army deployed in Assam, Tripura; Internet suspended|date=2019-12-11|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-12|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> No play was possible on the fourth day of the [[cricket]] match between [[Assam cricket team|Assam]] and [[Services cricket team|Services]] in the [[2019–20 Ranji Trophy]] because of the protests.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ranji-trophy-2019-20-day-four-games-in-assam-and-tripura-suspended-due-to-curfew-citizenship-amendment-bill/article30284054.ece|title=Ranji Trophy 2019-20: Day four game in Assam suspended due to curfew over CAB|work=Sport Star|accessdate=12 December 2019}}</ref> The India-Japan summit in Guwahati, which was supposed to be attended by [[Shinzō Abe|Shinzo Abe]] was also cancelled.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/india-japan-guwahati-summit-cancelled/article30294202.ece|title=India-Japan Guwahati summit cancelled in view of protests|last=Bhattacherjee|first=Kallol|date=2019-12-13|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-13|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/article/584894/World/Asia/India-protests-spread-over-anti-Muslim-law|title=India protests spread over 'anti-Muslim' law|date=2019-12-13|website=Saudigazette|language=English|access-date=2019-12-13}}</ref> France, Israel, the U.S. and the U.K. have issued travel advisories for nationals travelling to India.<ref>https://in.usembassy.gov/travel-alert-for-u-s-citizens-protests-in-northeastern-states-121319/</ref><ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/citizenship-act-protests-france-israel-us-uk-issue-travel-advisories/article30304634.ece</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Assam Movement|Assam movement]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Protests in India]]
[[Category:2019 protests]]
[[Category:Ongoing protests]]